Video game controversy Essay Example for Free

Video game controversy Essay Introduction â€Å"FIFA†, â€Å"Battlefield†, â€Å"Grand Auto Theft†, these are some popular video games from the last decade. If you are born after 1990s, you definitely have heard or played one of these games. Video or computer games have rapidly growing for the last decade, especially for teenage boys, it is a necessity entertainment for them. As of 2001, roughly 79 percent of America’s youth played video games, many of them for at least eight hours a week. (Layton, Julia, 2008) However both mass media and researchers start to make concerns on that video games are affecting the behavior of our generation, of the way they think or distinguish things. So is video hazardous or is it just what the ideal public wanted it to be like? As for myself, I personally agree with what the media was concerning about. The main assumption the media are making is that video games are contributing inadequate message to teenagers, which made them receive information that they are not able to digest yet and let them believe the world in video games are the same as reality without any consequences. Gender inequality still happen? â€Å"In mass media, male characters appear more frequently, talk significantly more, and engage in noted behaviors more, such as achieving and showing leadership†(Thompson Zerbinos, 1995). Women are usually recognized as subordinate and passive dependent to men. (Yi Mou Wei Peng, 2008) Basically all the popular video games are made for men. â€Å"FIFA†, â€Å"NBA†, â€Å"Grand Auto Theft† are all men game, the first two are sports game, and there is girls leagues however they are not making for girls due to small market share so that they cannot have one sport game that using their favorite players to play instead have to play the men one or choose not to play. In the game â€Å"Biohazard†, the story line has one girl character, even so she is just a subordinate of the other men character, she needs to follow what the men order is and cannot work alone because men are the leader and they have the power. When teenagers play these sorts of games, they might tend to start not to respect girls since they saw in game that they have all the power and girls cannot overrule them. It is unlikely for teenagers to identify right or wrong when different resources have different answers. Gender stereotyping When you see a black man on the street, your natural reactions are to try to avoid any contact with them because deep in your mind, you have this image implied that they are most likely criminal. According to my research, black men are more likely to be portrayed as criminal; Asian men and girl are usually portrayed as culturally ignorant and submissive. (Yi Mou Wei Peng, 2008) In the game â€Å"Grand Auto Theft†, game character are mostly brown and black men, it hardly will be a white person, when you keep playing it, it will be likely that you have already convey this image that most of the brown and black men were bad people. In addition, teenagers who played a lot of video games received this image might easily get affected by it and will lose the chance to think critically, also lack of knowledge or direct contact with these race made their attitude stronger and have misunderstanding once they saw them. Starting from ancient time, women usually work as a prostitute. In Dietz’s (1998) study shows that women are likely generally in four stereotypes, which is sex objects or prizes, victims, feminine role or heroes and action character. It is not surprising that 28% of women character were portrayed as sex objects based upon physical appearance or sexually-oriented actions. (Yi Mou Wei Peng, 2008) You may argue that women are portrayed or treated as this were a while before, and it can trace back to long time ago, in addition it will not be because of video games. However, in a YouTube video that shows a video game named â€Å"Grand Auto Theft†, there is scene or gameplay that the character could find a hooker and have sexual conduct with him. (GTA 5 Sex with hooker, 2013)Children and Teenagers brains usually are still developing, and that made them more easily to receive whatever information they get from video games. In addition, it may lead to teenagers who are not mentally ready for it and will not be able to differentiate if it is logical or not. So this brings to my question before, does video games affect how women are portrayed? I would said it is, it is true that women got more attention and get respect more nowadays, but if they created this sort of scene in a video game, it means that they have no reflection. Also they have made the situation worse than before because they have insert scene, which should have a parent guide before teenagers play, in order to that, they let them to gain access to it way too easy and may eventually encourage them to start of prostituting. Dream or reality. â€Å"A game can be more fun when you get the chance to act and be like your ideal self† explained by social psychologist Dr. Andy Przybyisk. (Nauert, Rick, 2011) Studies have been said that people play video games to try and get close to an† ideal self† and not to escape reality is not true, allowing them to play a new identity will make themselves feel better such as increasing their self esteem. (Mail Outline, 2011) From my research, it said people do not watch television like playing video games. They interact with them; games are also based on reward system. So when we started played in video games, we may attach personally feelings and insensibly involved too much and start losing our true identity and eventually become very addict to the character in game and cannot extricate them. Since reward from these games are high and gamers might get what they cannot get in reality, the respect or the attention that they could not earned. That is why they want to seek all of this in game, in addition losing themselves in video games and might not even be able to know which one is reality or dream. One Taiwanese teenage played forty hours video game without eating and sleeping are a good example at how he is losing his own identity during his game. He is playing a game named â€Å"Diablo III†, which his identity character in the game do not need to eat or sleep. In addition time passed by so fast and he is extremely concentrated on adapting to his new identity, he completely forgot about reality, which later he cannot escape it anymore. (Andy, 2011) In conclusion, video games do affect a children growing healthily for now. However I do not think it will be a good idea to kick this entertainment away from teenagers. In the 1950s, lots of people blamed comic books for kids’ behavior, but look at where has it become now. â€Å"Batman†, â€Å"Superman†, â€Å"Iron Man†, these classic comic who once was getting blamed on turned into a great movie one after another. â€Å"Entertainment has always made a great scapecoat†. It has been blamed by years. Although I do agree that company need to carefully produce their product, I think that people have responsibility too. As I stated before, a teenagers died from playing over forty hours of game, to be honest, before doing anything you should have known where your limits are and you should been able to control it. It is similar to eating, if you eat or drink way over what your body should absorb then for sure you will get fat or diabetes from it. However at this moment It has derivative too big of a problem that makes people worry about such as shootings from The United States, teenagers died from gaming a numerous time. I understand it is nearly impossible to control every bodies mind, despite that; company should create games that could pursuit our happiness and at the same time be responsible to the society. Point being is to balance the work that they are doing, mass media are always concerns about public safety, if the public are getting threatened by it, they will use all of their power to try tear you apart, media influence is extremely strong, so if they can show a good balance between games and society, when they got trust then video games will definitely last forever as a good entertainment to teenagers. Yi Mou Wei Peng(2008). Gender and Racial Stereotypes in Popular Video Games IGI Global, 922-937 GTA 5 Sex with a hooker (2013). Retrieved from http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=VM1d5icyHVA Layton,Julia(2008) â€Å"Do violent video games lead to real violence? † HowStuffworks Retrieved from http://electronics. howstuffworks. com/video-game-violence. htm Nauert, Rick (2011) â€Å" Playing with Personality and esteem in video games† Psychcentral. Retreived from http://psychcentral. com/news/2011/08/04/playing-with-personality-and-esteem-in-video-games/28349. html Kilhefner, Johnny(2013) â€Å"Identity Crisis: The Search for Character and Self in Videogames†. Retrieved from http://www. popmatters. com/feature/163393-dolls-and-characters-in-video-games/ â€Å"Video gamers play to ‘adopt’ a new identity and experience superpowers(2011) MailOnline. Retrieved from.

evolution v. creation Essay -- essays research papers fc

Evolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Should the stork theory appear in books on reproduction? How about astrological lore in expositions on astronomy? It would be unreasonable to even consider those ridiculous concepts. This is why the idea of creation should not be considered as the answer to how life began. Rather, the theory of evolution accounts for the creation of life. Charles Darwin is credited with creating the theory of evolution. Evolution assumes that all natural forms arose from their ancestors and adapted over time to their environments, thus leading to variation. In evolution, there are many rules the environment places upon the survival of a species. â€Å"There are many misconceptions that creationists have about evolution. A large part of the reason why creationist arguments against evolution can sound so persuasive is because they don't address evolution, but rather argue against a set of misunderstandings that people are right to consider ludicrous† (Isaak). Evolution refers to change, or transformation over time. â€Å"There are numerous ways in which evolution occurs, the most noted are Natural Selection and Adaptation† (â€Å"Evolution v. Creationism†). As Savage said, â€Å"We do not need a listing of evidences to demonstrate the fact of evolution any more than we need to demonstrate the existence of mountain ranges† (v).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A very popular, although erroneous, argument given by creationists is that evolution has never been observed. Evolution at its simplest involves relatively minor changes in the gene pool of a particular population from one generation to the next (Savage 32). One example of evolution being observed is insects developing a resistance to pesticides over the period of a few years. Even most creationists recognize that evolution at this level is a fact. â€Å"What hasn't been observed is one animal abruptly changing into a radically different one, such as a frog changing into a cow. This is not a problem for evolution because evolution doesn't propose occurrences even remotely like that. In fact, if we ever observed a frog turn into a cow, it would be very strong evidence against evolution† (Isaak). According to Isaak, what they don't appreciate is that this rate of evolution is all that is required to produce the diversity of all living things from a common anc estor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another inaccu... ... a wide range of observations throughout the fields of genetics, anatomy, ecology, animal behavior, paleontology, and others. According to Dennett, if you wish to challenge the theory of evolution, you must address that evidence. You must show that the evidence is either wrong or irrelevant or that it fits another theory better (275). â€Å"If I had to give an award for the single greatest idea that anyone ever had, I’d give it to Darwin† (Dennett 278). Works Cited   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dennett, Daniel C. Darwin’s Dangerous Idea. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Evolution v. Creationism.† 21 April 2002. http://physics.syr.edu/courses/modules/ ORIGINS/origins.html. 4 Jan. 2004.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Isaak, Mark. â€Å"Five Major Misconceptions About Evolution.† 1 October 2003. Online. Available http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-misconceptions.html. 4 Jan. 2004.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prinze, Karl. â€Å"Evolution v. Creation: Misconceptions Dangerous.† 12 June 1999. Online. Available. http://www.ius.edu/journalism/2000/darwin.html. 4 Jan 2004. Savage, Jay M. Evolution. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1963.

Payroll Accounting Chap. 3 Matching and Questions for Review

CHAPTER 3 Matching Quiz E1. Employee’s FICA Tax Rates D2. Form SS-4 H3. Semi Weekly Depositor J4. Taxable for FICA A5. Non Taxable for FICA I6. Self-Employed’s FICA Tax Rates C7. Form 941 B8. Monthly Depositor G9. Taxable Wage Base F10. Form SS-5 CHAPTER 3 Review Questions 1. If the person employs 1 or more individuals for performances of services in the US unless such services or employment are specifically exempt by law. 2. Defined by the common-law relationship of employer/employee 3. If the business has the right to tell a worker how, when, and where to work 4. a person who follows an independent trade, business, or profession.Where they offer their services to the public the following is the â€Å"test†: Hire, supervise, & pay assistants Determine the sequence of their work Set their own hours Work for as many employers as they wish Are paid by the job Make their services available to the public Have an option for profit or loss Furnish their own tools Have a substantial investment in their trade May be dismissed only under terms of a contract 5a. They must collect the employee’s FICA tax on tips that each employee reports. Then deduct the FICA taxes from other wages due to the employee 5b.Employers are liable for their share of the FICA tax on any tips subject to the employees FICA tax 6. After 6 months of consecutive calendar months the sick pay is not taxed. Period off work MUST be consecutive any return to work restarts the 6 month count. 7. They are subject to FICA tax but the employer’s match portion is tax free. 8. YES!!!! The amount of over payment is credited against the employee’s federal income tax for the year. Instructions are given on the Individual Income Tax Return (Form 1040) that explain how the over payment should be treated. So file your taxes John!!! 9a. 3. 3 % 2013-Projected 10. 4% for OASDI 2. 9% for HI b. Usually the net business income of individual as shown in their income tax returns make up their net earnings from self employment for the purpose of the social security act. The max taxable income for an individual is $110,100 for OASDI but for HI the total income is taxable 10. The EIN’s can be obtained directly from the IRS website. No registration is required and the EIN is recognized by the IRS immediately or they can call the IRS or mail or fax the SS-4 (Application for EIN) 11. The requirements are based on the â€Å"lookback† period.The amount of employment tax the employer reported on the quarterly returns for the 4 quarters in the lookback period determines if they are a monthly or semi monthly depositors. Each Nov. the IRS notifies employers weather they will be monthly or semimonthly depositors. 12. Pretty much all employers except those with a $2,500 or less in ? tax liabilities that pay when they file their returns. 13. Generally by touch tone phone, personal computer, or online 14. Generally 3 months of each calendar year 15a. A certain % of the amount of tax required to be reported will be added to the tax. . 5% of the undeposited taxes c. 2% of the amount (if less than $1,250 then penalty is $25 or the amount of the check, whichever is less) Practical Problems A (please see the Excel file for the rest of the problems and then I am mailing in the forms used for problems 3-11A, 3-12A, 3-13A, 3-14A, & 3-15A) 3-15A LO4,5 b. 1. Jan. 182. Feb. 63. Feb. 204. Mar. 65. Mar. 20 6. Apr. 3 3-16A LO5 1. Apr. 15 2. a250. 52505 * 10% = 250. 50 b. 12. 532505 * ? % = 12. 53 c. 3. 712505 * 3% * (18/365) = 3. 7118 days late d. 266. 74 Total Penalty Imposed

Definition, Usage, and Examples of Italics

Italics  is a style of typeface in which the letters slant to the right:  This sentence is printed in italics. (If youre writing something out in longhand, the equivalent of italics would be underlining.) Apart from the uses cited below for titles and naming conventions, italics are used to give emphasis to words and phrases in a sentence. For example, the question, Are you going to wear that? takes on an entirely different meaning if you italicize the last word: Are you going to wear that? Fast Facts: Italics From the Latin for ItalyVerb: italicize.Pronunciation: ih-TAL-iks Using Italics With Style Guides Although its important to use italics appropriately in formal, academic  writing, italic type is not always available in less formal communications, such as in emails and text messages.  Journalism, medical writing, and a variety of other forms of professionally written materials rely on one of several style guides including Associated Press or AP Style, American Medical Association (AMA) Style, and the Chicago Manual of Style. In addition, many corporations, websites, and publishing companies have their own style guides that must be adhered to for written communications. The use of italics varies from style to style. (For example, in AP Style, titles are put inside quotation marks rather than being italicized.) General Usage For books and academic work, the following general rules apply, however, its always a good idea to check if adherence to a particular style guide is required prior to embarking on any writing project. Italicize the titles of complete works: Albums and CDs:  1989  by Taylor SwiftBooks: To Kill a Mockingbird  by Harper LeeMagazines and journals (print and online): Sports Illustrated, Slate, and  Journal of LinguisticsNewspapers: The New York TimesMovies: The MartianPlays:  A Raisin in the Sun  by Lorraine HansberrySoftware programs:  Microsoft PowerPoint  Television programs: Doctor WhoVideo games:  Grand Theft Auto VWorks of art: Nighthawks  by Edward Hopper The titles of comparatively short works—songs, poems, short stories, essays, and episodes of TV programs—should be enclosed in quotation marks. As a general rule, italicize the names of aircraft, ships, and trains; foreign words used in an English sentence; and words and letters discussed as words and letters: These are the voyages of the starship Enterprise.—Title sequence from the original Star Trek series From 1925 to 1953, a passenger train named the Orange Blossom Special brought vacationers to sunny Florida from New York. There is no danger that Titanic will sink. The boat is unsinkable and nothing but inconvenience will be suffered by the passengers.—Phillip Franklin, Vice President of White Star Line Come kiss me, and say goodbye like a man. No, not good-bye, au revoir.From Chats With Jane Clermont by William Graham Every word she writes is a lie, including and and the.—Mary McCarthy on Lillian Hellman As a general rule, use italics to emphasize words and phrases—but dont overwork this device: Then I started reading this timetable I had in my pocket. Just to stop lying. Once I get started, I can go on for hours if I feel like it. No kidding.  Hours.—From  The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger, Observations Italics rarely fail to insult the readers intelligence. More often than not they tell us to emphasize a word or phrase that we would emphasize automatically in any natural reading of the sentence.—From The Philosophy of Punctuation.  Opera, Sex, and Other Vital Matters by Paul Robinson, University of Chicago Press Think of italics as butterflies that might swoop across the page, allow them to flit about, land here and there, softly; gently; dont treat them as a blanket that must spread itself across the entire page. The butterfly approach will bring a dash of color; the blanket approach will darken everything.—From Nobles Book of Writing Blunders (and How to Avoid Them) by William Noble, Writers Digest Books Underlining is to... handwritten papers what italics are to more formal publishing... Today the only widespread use of underlined text is to denote clickable links in Web documents. (The newspaper convention, which I use as a newspaperman and which was also a response to a technical inability to use italics, is quotation marks for book, movie, and other titles.)—From The Elephants of Style by Bill Walsh, McGraw Hill